USATC S160 2-8-0

The USATC S160 is an American 2-8-0 freight locomotive designed by Major J. W. Marsh of the United States Army Transportation Corps in 1942 for fast wartime construction and overseas service. Around 2,120 were built between 1942 and 1945 by ALCO, Baldwin and Lima, drawing on the earlier USATC S200 and on the British WD Austerity 2-8-0 in its design philosophy: a tight loading gauge, a single-frame layout that could be built fast in any decent workshop, and parts kept simple enough for unfamiliar crews to service in the field.

About 800 of the class were run in on British railways during 1943 and 1944 to be readied for D-Day, working freight trains on the GWR, LNER, LMS and Southern under loan to BR's predecessor companies, before being shipped to mainland Europe in 1944 to 1945. After the war the class served in France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Germany, Greece, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Turkey, China, Korea, North Africa and beyond. The locomotive's American origin and its short period of British service have made it a quietly important class for British heritage preservation, since several survivors have been repatriated.

Eight S160s have been brought back to the United Kingdom in preservation, of which three are currently operational on heritage railways.